Comparison of Adjectives
§55–56. COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
Umbundu has no special comparative or superlative forms of adjectives.
Comparison is expressed by syntactic means:
§55. COMPARATIVE
Method 1 — Simply affirm the quality of one and leave the other unstated:
o-ngombe ii i-nene = this ox is large (implies: larger than that one)
Method 2 — Affirm one, deny or contradict the other:
ochi-na chechi chi-ua, diacho ha-cho-ko
= this thing is good, that one is not
(= this thing is better than that one)
Method 3 — Use an adverb of degree to mark intensity:
ochi-na chechi chi-sovi ch'-alua
= this thing is very long
§56. SUPERLATIVE
Method 1 — Repetition of the adjective (reduplication):
omu-nda u-nene nene = the mountain is very very large
Method 2 — Separation from the group using the preposition ku (from, among):
eie u-alunguka k'ovi-mbundu vi-oha
= he is wise from among all the Ovimbundu
= he is the wisest of all the Ovimbundu
This construction is the standard superlative in Umbundu.